Why i picked up a gun

â€Å"Bad stress, good stress† In about 150 words The story is about stress. Stress has become a common word In the dally parlance, and that's makes the present people to think they have stress Just by going to the mall or to have a hard day at work. But In the past you got stress by going to war or by pushing yourself to get through the day. We hear about that the Government In 2004 announced that stress has cost the UK economy El 3. 5 billion, because of lost productivity and illness at work.Then we also hear about Dry Bond who means that people often says they are stressed, when the actually just are afraid of feeling afraid. But the good news is that it is possible to teach people to handle stress more effectively than it has been and the technique which comes from Clare Harris, a lecturer from the Praxis Centre for Developing Personal Effectiveness, can be adopted across the world. Give an outline for the various stress-related problems presented in the four texts. Test 1: Mind & Body this week: Danger: stress at work Stress Is related directly with the need to hide emotions at work.Stress also affects teachers, because It Is them who have to control the children In the school. A high emotion work experience more stress than others. The most stressed group Is them who are thinking negative thoughts about the past. Test 2: Bad stress, good stress The stress problem comes because people have made the word become a common world in the daily parlance. Stress can also be related to the feeling of being afraid. Another effect could be that people are doing some ridiculous things, like punching the wall, drinking or attacking other people they know are weak like them self.Test 3: Stress relief Stress can take different forms. It's not only the negative things in life, which can create stress. Being too busy can result in excessive surges of adrenaline In the body. To work too hard to get the chance to buy expensive thing, Is also a pressure. Test 4: Stres s can be good for you but not for long Even small things can affect the stress level, for example the torture of commuting, frustrations with computers freezing in the worst moments. But a study claims that stress isn't always bad for people.But permanent stress will be dangerous and it will effect the immune system also. Comment on the following statement: â€Å"If you want to live long and healthily, don't settle into routines† Maybe the following statement means that routines can be bad for you, you might come In a bad routine, but not only that, but if you Just think in routines in general, then you might see that it is bad for you, because if you don't follow your routine, it might stress you or you even get in bad mood, because you feel that you are missing something.But when you think by living healthy Is can be both good and bad with routines, because maybe you have a DOD routine by going to the gym and eat healthy, then It's good for you, but at the other way, It als o might be bad, because It can also effect you If you one day don't have the time to go to the gym, then you might get In a bad mood or you can get In a bad routine and eat a lot of fat food and that can be very bad for you as well. Manage stress as a student.How to manage stress as a student? That's the question many people have these days. As a student you can some very stressed days, maybe you have to be in school until late afternoon, or maybe you have a part time Job side the school, or you are living alone or maybe you Just like spending time with your friends. All these factors can affect your stress level, but the way you can manage this, is by going to school, then making your homework, and Just take it easy.Friends can you later at the day or in the weekend. It's Just about taking it slow, do your thing in your own tempo and an important thing is priority. Most of it depends on how you priority your day and your things. Do the things that you and your body can manage, and don't go under for the pressure that can occur in your daily life. Fight for the things you want.

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo Essay

Both novels, the Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and the El Filibusterismo, (The Filibuster) inspired by the patriotic ideals of national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, depict the abuses suffered by the native indios at the hands of Spanish tyrants. The Noli paints us an ugly, yet clear picture of the so-called â€Å"social cancer† that deteriorates the society. The first of those two masterfully-crafted works, the Noli lays the most liberal, realistic and fearless view of the country’s well-being during the 300-year Spanish regime. It illustrates the rotten system of governance, the illicit ways of the church and the unfavorable trade of the privilege class. The Noli also relates how the government, the church and the privilege class manipulate the people. The government deprives the youth of education and how they use the people’s ignorance to their advantage. The treacherous friars by means of God and faith controlled the people, making them dummies of all sorts. On the other hand, the privilege class used their elite status to get ahead of everybody, by hook or by crook — employing the â€Å"me first† attitude. In the Noli, the weak and disposed seemingly lose hope resulting to unfortunate deaths (as the case Pilisopo Tasyo) and sometimes insanity. (as the case of Sisa) Hence the oppressed formed a brotherhood that hopes to liberate the country by use of force. To no avail, due to disorganization and lack of arms, each and every attempt at resistance failed. In Noli, the character of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra was introduced, an intelligent and promising young man who has high hopes of changing the course of the country.

Discussion on Darwin's Dangerous Ideas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion on Darwin's Dangerous Ideas - Essay Example Dr. Charles Darwin came up with the great theory of evolution and the principle of natural selection in which only the best prepared organisms with the most desired genes live to maturity and mate to produce offspring with better traits to enable them survive in the environment with varied challenges. The theory has been largely used to explain the differences between organisms of similar species. Polar bears in the Antarctica regions are more hairy than those found in the Savanna regions in South America. The difference in these animals, as per Darwin’s explanation, results from the need of the polar bear to insulate from the stinging cold of the Antarctica regions. Darwin’s ideas are considered dangerous as they oppose the largely believed notion that God created all the animals with the uniqueness they posses. Darwin clearly explains that the environment in which an organism lives plays a major role in designing the features it posses. When man realized that he could find practical answers to the problems facing him, he started questioning the validity of the gospel spread by the church. Diseases like plague, malaria, cholera had their causes easily explained and treatment crafted from the very principle of their existence. This saw a mass boycott of followers from the church in mid 18th century. People started losing faith in the unseen and instead embraced science as it provided realistic solutions to the problems facing the people. This was unlike the ideas spread by the church where people believed that sufferings were as a result of sin and thus people were accustomed to embracing pain believing they were punishment for their past transgressions. Darwin observes that the warm and humid areas offer breeding ground for mosquitoes thus the high prevalence of malaria in such areas. Such findings are very practical and explain the prevalence of malaria in tropical Africa. Furthermore, from his

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Communication - Essay Example Through that, it will be easy to focus on how to have an effectively better communication among different groups of audience and the possible better channels to achieve that. Alcovy Wrestling Communication Plan Communication is a considerable method of conveying a message across regions, and can take diverse ways, which include a mouth-to-mouth communication, presentations, media broadcasting, press releases, the use of posters or fliers as well as particular events. To educators, effective communication is crucial because communication is the essential aspect for creating changes in learning institutions. Therefore, educators should learn to communicate effectively and listen carefully in order to achieve the intended goals of the organization. Vos, Otte and Linders (2003) argue that effective communication is the major aspect that contributes to better performance; thus, to be a successful communicator developing a communication plan is necessary. Planning is one way of organizing actions in order to achieve the intended goals successfully. Therefore, developing a strategic communication plan is necessary because it ensures that various activities are carried out as scheduled, which increases the efficiency and, consequently, an output. Developing an effective communication plan one should take into considerations the following factors – the purpose, the audience, the message to be communicated, communication channels, ways or distribution channels, and the action plan. Wrestling is a significant psychological and physical activity, and the presence of a communication plan ensures that all activities are coordinated, thus, the realization of anticipated results is feasible. Ferguson (1999) affirms that the primary purpose of developing a communication plan is to educate wrestlers and inform anyone interested to participate in wrestling next year at Alcovy high school, so that all the parties could carry out their duties efficiently. Furthermore, studie s suggest that wrestling is an imperative sport activity that draws diverse groups of people together, and it is also crucial in reducing anxiety and other health issues. As such, the presence of efficient and effective communication ensures that all the parties involved benefit both from physical and social perspectives. In essence, coaching in wrestling can be easy in case one has a good communication plan, but can be an overwhelming task in the absence of a communication plan while preparing diverse activities or aspects that should be achieved in a set period. Vos, Otte and Linders (2003) argue that developing a strategic communication plan can result into significant changes and lead to success in project implementation. Therefore, the goal of developing Alcovy wrestling communication plan is to convey information to the intended audience effectively. On the other hand, identifying the audience, whom the instructor tries to reach, is imperative because it simplifies the prepara tion of a logical communication plan. In this regard, there are varied ways one can categorize audience and employ the effective communication forms or approaches for communicating the message successfully. Since the majority of audiences are high school students, the use of fliers or posters will be an effective method of communicating about wrestling sports activities. To succeed, the coach will create information fliers about the wrestling site and the summer timetable for practices. Due to the existence of other audiences

Comparing and Contrasting Literary Forms Assignment

Comparing and Contrasting Literary Forms - Assignment Example Such an effect is achieved by play inference. The writer can adequately describe the scene and deftly introduce a mood. Poetry, drama, and short story are literature constituents, but they bear some identical differences. Dialogue accommodates extensive dialogue, which can be either non-fiction or fiction, a short story narrates brief experiences that are non-fiction while poetry can be either nonfiction or fiction and may rhyme (Cuddon & Habib, 2013). Poetry, drama, and short stories have a setting. The setting is a fictional work of establishing a geographic, physical, and historical context (Cuddon & Habib, 2013). Setting adds attitude to poetry, drama, or short story, and a good example of attitude is the change attitudes towards women. Myth, symbol, and allegory are other features shared by drama, short stories, and poetry. Allegory is use of two meanings that are parallel in the story where one is literal while the other one is figurative (Meyer, 2004). Allegory serves the purpose of deepening the meaning in writing and to teach a lesson. A myth reflects social or religious values often involving heroes or a god. A symbol acts as a representative of an association or a relationship. The tool of foreshadow is used in poetry, short stories and drama. Foreshadow gives the audience a hint of future happenings. In poetry, foreshadow can be captured as early as the poem title to shed some light to the reader of what the poem entails. Mood is also extensively utilized in all these three literature works to aid in conveying the theme (Meyer, 2004). Conflict is also common in short stories, drama, and poems. It denotes a struggle between forces that oppose each other. A conflict can be expressed as an internal conflict within an individual or between characters (Cuddon & Habib, 2013). It helps build the element of suspense as scenes unfurl in the

Participative Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Participative Leadership - Term Paper Example This paper discusses various aspects and forms of participative leadership. Participative leadership plays an important role in empowering the organization’s members as well as instilling perception that the employees can establish their work roles and achieve consequential work. Participative leadership is arguably one of the modern styles of leadership that emphasizes on follower’s perspective and creates a distinctive leadership style and approach. There are varieties of forms of participative leadership that can be applied by the leadership or management. A number of theorists agreed on distinctive and meaningful decision making procedures namely autocratic, consultation, joint decision and delegation. It is important to note that the decision making procedures vary from non participative autocratic decision making which is almost outdated to very participative decision making procedures. In participative decision making procedures, the members have great influence on the outcome of the decision made. However, there are both positive and n egative influences of participation (Ricketts, 2011). Participative leadership offers an array of potential benefits such as higher decision quality and overwhelming approval by the participants. The participants are normally satisfied with the decision making process as well as having a good opportunity for developing decision making skills. Participative decision making process may lead to contribution and sharing of knowledge. Members of the organizations may have vital knowledge, talent or skills in solving the issue at hand which the leader may not have thus improving the quality of decision made. Participation in decision making can further make the participants perceive the decision as their s by owning it thus boosting the implementation of the decision. This kind of leadership usually emphasize on avoidance of issues that bring conflict amongst members by either improving on the issues

Ethics and Policies in Managing MacDonalds UK Essay

Ethics and Policies in Managing MacDonalds UK - Essay Example When operating, a company should consider its mission (what it will seek to do and become over the long term), its objectives (specific performance targets to fulfil its mission), and strategy (the means to fulfil its objectives). Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan (2004) suggested that the three major operating objectives that may induce companies to engage in business. They are Kotler and Keller (2006) deemed that companies should strive to raise the level of socially responsible marketing that calls for a three-pronged attack that relies on proper legal, ethical, and social responsibility behaviour. In this case, companies must adopt and disseminate a written code of ethics, build a company tradition of ethical behaviour, and hold its people fully responsible for observing ethical and legal guidelines. In fact, Kotler and Keller (2006) revealed a 1999 poll by Environics International, a public opinion research firm, found that 67 percent of North Americans are willing to buy or boycott products on ethical grounds. With the globalization of business, the issue of ethical positioning had become vital because "ethics emerge from the degree of agreement among societies, corporations and other organizations regarding the appropriate ethical frameworks and behaviors in a given situation" (Buller, Kohls & Anderson ,1991). Furthermore, Buller, Kohls & Anderson (1991) had explained that business ethics take into account both moral attitudes and moral reasoning. However, the relationship between these two elements is unclear. How do reasons and attitudes diffuse in the development of an ethical position Recent studies in business ethics have shown both remarkable similarities and differences across cultures with respect to attitudes toward questionable business practices. During the decades of the 1980s and 1990s business ethics was predominately a subject taught at business schools and debated by academics. It had little impact in the international business world, where the prevailing attitude was tha t anything goes and everyone is paid to cut a deal. Many governments (including France, Japan and Germany), recognizing the reality of doing business in certain parts of the world, actually allowed businesses to write off bribe payments on their corporate income tax (Mitchell 2003, p. 7). Recently, business leaders and CEOs already have realized the repercussions of not having solid ethical guidelines. Corporations of all sizes, especially multinationals, are more attuned to the bottom-line value of being a good corporate citizen and playing by the rules. Individual business people are seeking to do "what is right" (though this is often prodded by corporate ethics standards and local laws) rather than maintaining an attitude of "anything to close the deal." For example, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines was indicted for criminal violation of the Clean Water Act. The company acquired much costs as it put together an all-star defense team including two former federal prosecutors and two former United States attorneys general to defend itself (Sorkin 2004, p. A1). Briefly identify the ethical pressures present in the food industry, making reference to one organisation in particular. As the

What are some cause of the Renaissance How did the Renaissance differ Essay

What are some cause of the Renaissance How did the Renaissance differ from the prior Middle Ages - Essay Example Various factors caused the beginning of Renaissance. One of the principal causes, which contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance, is the crusades. These crusades included a series of wars organized by Western European Christians. The Christians fought with Muslims in order to recapture Holy Land, which the Muslims occupied (Gundersheimer 67). In addition, after the end of crusades, emerging crusaders brought ancient Greek and Latin texts back, which brought a revived concentration in classical works. Another factor contributing to the start of the Renaissance was the opening of the Mediterranean trade routes in the Italian city states. The opening of the Mediterranean route led to the development of a new merchant class that was remarkably influential. The most popular dynasty of the merchant class was the Medici family. The Medici family remained powerful throughout since they maintained the financial strength of Florence city (Hay 43). This influenced the transformation of i ndividual thinking and allowed Renaissance. New secular hunger for discovering texts caused Renaissance. Monasteries and courts in Europe had repositories of old texts and manuscripts. However, scholars desired a change in classical works; this stimulated massive appraisal of classical works. The desire by artists to discover new texts led to transformation in art work. One of the writers known as Petrarch triggered the Renaissance through writing about how his intention to discover texts had been ignored (Martin 87). Secular readers introduced and developed a taste and a hunger of reading and spreading classical writings. This happened with a renewed strength than the previous years, which led to a total transformation in classical works. Hence, the hunger for discovery of texts led to Renaissance. Reintroduction of classical works also caused Renaissance. Although there were classical

Comparative Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative Politics - Research Paper Example Federalism is antagonistic to separatism and the federalists believe in achieving a common good by running the affairs of the government by sharing power and at the same time a reasonable degree of autonomy is granted to the units of federation. Federalism is currently being practiced in many countries of the world which include United States, Canada, India, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and is found to be very useful for sharing power between a central government and the provinces and states. In most of the federal democracies, important issues like currency, foreign policy, energy and defense are governed by the central government whereas the issues related to public welfare and social service such as health, food, education and infrastructure development etc are dealt by the provincial government (Pennington). The division of power in federalism is explicitly stated in the constitution of the federation and thus the right of government of the central government and the states is safeguarded by the constitution and a rational autonomy is granted to the states and provinces forming the federation. Keeping foreign policy, national security and currency with the central government is imperative for creating a strong federation and thus in most of the federations these powers rest with the central government. The remaining powers are divided between the central government and the provinces as per the political and geostrategic scenario of the federation and thus the power sharing pattern differs from one federation to the other. For example in the federation countries like United States and Germany the powers about which the constitution is silent and are not explicitly stated to rest with central or the provincial/state government are retained by the state governments whereas in India, Canada and Argentina such powers are retained by the central government. Federalist system of government provides a

How Do Old Refrigerators Affect the Ozone Layer Essay Example for Free

How Do Old Refrigerators Affect the Ozone Layer Essay The ozone layer prevents ultraviolet sunlight from reaching Earth. (The Ozone hole, 2012). Without the ozone layer, it would be more likely to get skin cancer, eye damage, harm wildlife, reduce crop yields, and change the ocean food chain. The ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. Ground-level ozone is the main component of smog and is harmful to humans. Atmospheric ozone collects in the stratosphere, which is about nine to twenty-two miles above the surface of the Earth. It was discovered in 1985 that there was a hole in the ozone above Antarctica. CFC’s, were constantly eroding our ozone layer. (Roach, 2010). In old refrigerators, ammonia gas is used to keep the refrigerator cool. Pure ammonia gas is highly toxic to people and if a refrigerator containing it leaked, it would pose a threat. Switching to CFC’s was a â€Å"nontoxic† replacement that depleted the ozone layer. Then they switched to a more environmental friendly coolant. Although many refrigerators still use ammonia. (Brian; Elliot, 2006). Refrigerators need five major components to keep cool. The compressor compresses the ammonia gas and the compressed gas heats up as it’s pressurized. The coils on the back of the refrigerator let the hot ammonia gas disperse its heat and the gas condenses into liquid at high pressure. The high pressure ammonia liquid flows through the expansion valve. One side of the valve has high pressure ammonia liquid and the opposite side is a low pressure area because the compressor sucks gas out of that side. The liquid ammonia immediately boils and vaporizes with the temperature dropping to -27 degrees Fahrenheit which makes the inside of the fridge cold. The compressor sucks up the ammonia gas and the cycle repeats. (Brian; Elliot, 2006)The coolant is trapped inside coils and makes a circuit through them and changes back and forth from a liquid to a gas. Ammonia gas does not affect the Ozone layer but it is highly toxic to humans. When they switched to CFC’s, that’s when the refrigerators added to the list of things depleting the Ozone Layer. Du Pont discovered this replacement in the 1930’s. They are used in a variety of industrial, commercial, and household applications. The CFC’s were released into the atmosphere and went up into the stratosphere. In the 1970’s, it was discovered that the CFC’s in use are harmful to the Ozone Layer. The ultraviolet radiation at the atmospheric altitude breaks down CFCs, freeing the chlorine. Under the proper conditions, this chlorine has the potential to destroy large amounts of ozone. As of the 1990’s, they put a more environmental friendly coolant in refrigerators.

The History Of The Viral Marketing Marketing Essay

The History Of The Viral Marketing Marketing Essay Purpose-Viral Marketing globally today has evolved due to an inherit need to publish marketing campaigns and messages quicker and through cheaper mediums than traditionally expensive Print, TV Radio advertisements. Today the customers are more technologically savvy, have less time to shop and are more vigilant when it comes to researching a product or services they might be interested in. These are just a few of the reasons listed within this research to constitute a detailed discussion on the subject. It all starts with understanding the key components and stakeholders of todays marketplace and the behaviors or processes associated. The document below will highlight areas for key interest whereby the inherent behavior of todays technological client base will be studied and analyzed. In todays global e-commerce society where everyone wants information faster and the ability to interact with others through technological mediums like the cell phone, internet, emails, sms services or any other format its imperative to incorporate technology into the marketing arena. Successful companies have already started to embed these requirements of todays demanding customers into their business processes, however there still remain a lot of companies struggling with these new age requirements and the ability to transform at the pace of todays marketplace. Methodology-The methodology used in this dissertation is descriptive in nature. The study is based on geographical region of India specifically towards the technology brands which have engaged in Viral or Buzz marketing campaigns. Findings- Technology infrastructure, buying power, and community structures as a result of the study showed that a number of brands have had great success with changing their business processes to adopt to the current customer driven instant information based services experience. Peer pressure, opinions and trends seem to drive successful viral campaigns. We have also seen impact of mere peer pressure along with technology preference in shaping the consumers choice which drives business and consumer behavior. Value-This research is to showcase Viral marketing trends in India used specifically in the technology space by different companies to enhance and retain more consumers in todays changing marketplace where limited buying power with higher technological awareness enables long and short term marketing results to successful brands. This methodology plays a pivotal role in making their business sustainable. Keywords-Viral marketing, word of mouth marketing, case studies, digital networks, social media marketing. Acknowledgement This project has been a team effort, many people provided me with support and assistance to conduct this study. First and foremost, thanks must go to my supervisor Dr Usman Mahboob for his continuous guidance and support. I would like to thank London College of Business and The University of Wales for providing me with this opportunity to complete my MBA. There have been a number of highs and lows during the synthesis of this dissertation. The support and encouragement from family and friends has kept me moving in the right direction. Everyone has supported me especially my loving brother Naveed Iqbal. He has been the only one who has never doubted that I would finally submit a dissertation. Without that confidence in my ability, this dissertation would never have become a reality. Thank you my dear brother. A very special thank you, goes to my friend Dr Asma Naz for his assistance in data analysis, support and motivation throughout this period. List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations C2C Customer to Customer ETP Epidemic Threshold Parameter P2P Peer to Peer RVM Random Viral Marketing WOM Word Of Mouth Contents Introduction The world of marketing is ever evolving and growing. New and better marketing techniques are invented frequently to enhance or augment the obsolete trends. Although a lot of the older marketing techniques still hold well in todays marketplace but with the introduction of new mediums like the internet, sms, mms, emails and blogs etc. The approach to reach the masses for capturing a new customer base or enhancing a current one has needed to be reassessed. Same is the case with the world of marketing that in general terms is known as WOM(word of mouth). WOM has now evolved and gone digital. Viral Marketing has also been quoted and defined as a marketing practice whereby present customers float companys marketing message to their colleagues, family and friends (Lauden and Traver 2001 p. 381). It is similar in nature to the previous eras word-of-mouth marketing. One person will make an impression about the product and spread the word around. The element of peer pressure takes precedence i n the Viral Marketing phenomena. Viral Marketing has recently gained increased popularity, furthermore world renowned brands have jumped on the bandwagon i.e. Budweiser, Kelloggs, Levis, Nestle, and Virgin cinemas. Although there is still a limited amount of understanding that exists of this marketing technique (Borroff, 2000). It is a rather new marketing tactic but due to the popularity of cyber space it has started to gain pace with all the conventional marketing methodologies. Other names given to viral marketing are buzz marketing, word of mouse marketing or virus marketing etc. But whatever the name the idea is same as that of the word of mouth marketing. This techniques works on the technique of sharing the news or information with friends and family and so it passes on. Viral marketing is often considered as the gossiping marketing tool. People share their experiences, say good or bad things about their experiences and build a peer pressure to make others experience the same. However viral marketing is more like a bubble and it bursts very soon. YouTube is a great source for viral marketing videos. A number of videos are thrown on this website so that people can come and view it. If the idea clicks, they start sending it to their friends and family and thus it starts growing exponentially. Social media websites like Facebook and Twitter are also a great source for viral marketing. Its considered relatively easy to spread the word around through social networks that have bulk of visiting them every minute. Viral marketing is especially very well known in the regions where the technology is robust and people are used to using online sources for information sharing. Viral marketing can also work through WAP and mobile phones. The more the technology will start growing the more innovative this concept will become with time. Brief Background The advent of e-commerce has changed the shape of doing business around the world. It has given birth to a novel atmosphere where the needs and desires of the customers and the consumers keep changing every minute. Thus new challenges are coming forth for the marketers and the business organizations as they totally divided between the old ways of market and the new proceedings taking place every now and then. To some people it isnt something new in fact the good old word of mouth marketing. It works on the same principal of sharing the experience with the peers, friends and the family. For some orthodox marketers believe that maintaining and adding data to website can make customers coming back for the product and in certain instances they completely ignore the element of World Wide Web in the progress of a business. Others act progressively and pick thediffering tack assuming change as the only constant and keep working for it. (Feather 2000, Murphy 2000). Although the concept of vi ral marketing is as old as WOM marketing, yet the tools are new and innovative. Viral marketing has been successful in the markets where WOM prevailed. With the advent of technology WOM is replaced with viral marketing. 1.2. SUMMARY Viral marketing is the modern implication of the word of mouth marketing. This is also known as the buzz marketing. People will get to know about one product or brand and spread the word around to other people. Viral marketing usually appears to be completely dependent on the image of the product in the eyes of the respondents or the customers. It is not just a spread word by the customers however whatever image the product makes in front of the customer, they spread it out. Viral marketing has proved to be a new concept and thus a limited number of brands and companies have started to adopt this new marketing regime. However the future of the viral marketing holds a lot due to the usage and reliance on the cyber world. Viral marketing videos create a great amount of buzz with the people. There are a number of examples of such videos and if such videos are liked by the people they forward it to their friends and thus the cycle goes on. Viral marketing spreads like a virus around. Onc e a video starts getting the hits and clicks, its viewership starts increasing exponentially. Viral marketing is brief, effective and crisp and thus has managed to gain much likeness even despite of it being a newer tool of marketing. Some believe that the viral marketing is not effective since it never helps in positioning the brand rather simply creates a hype for it and this fades away soon. However viral marketing is still used to spread the information around. 1.3. PROBLEM Viral marketing or the buzz marketing as people call ithas created much of the hype amongst the marketers and the people around. It comes with its supporters and critics both. However viral marketing is the future of marketing due to e-commerce and the web the cyber space that has entangled us all in its aura of endless possibilities. Certain problems encountered by the viral marketing that has forced us to get to the root of the matter are: Critics believe that viral marketing can build the fads and fashions and not the iconic brands. Iconic brands popularity is much more durable and goes a long way. However the fashions and the fads will only last for some time and then fade away. Critics also believe that viral marketing depends on the customers and not the marketers to develop the brand image. Thus the company will take the back seat the customer will do the rest. Viral marketing may dilute the image of the brand by making it utter from the mouth of another person. Obviously company knows where to emphasize and where to subside but the mouth marketer (viral marketer) will work with his own ideas. There is always a danger of netiquette or spamming. Since these things are hard to control. 1.4. THESIS statement To critically analyze the factors that impacts the viral marketing and its influence on the Indian market with respect to the field of technology. 1.5. AIM Aim of this study has been focused to examine and analyze the factors which impact Viral Marketing efforts of Technology organizations or product lines specifically in the Indian market. India is a huge market with the people receptive towards the use the computers and internet as the mean to communicate. Studying a market like India reveals great insights in to the marketing techniques used in this vast land to gather more audience and prospect customers. Different case studies are studied and each of them is analyzed to find out the factors affecting the viral marketing in India. Each factor will be examined carefully with the help of case studies published some of the renowned companies who have worked in the field of viral marketing.Viral marketings success is hard to measure; this study will help in understanding the how to measure the impact of viral marketing through its viewer ship. The concept of viral marketing is sometimes hard to grasp the aim of this study is to make it a comprehensive understanding of viral marketing. 1.6. Objective To work on a study, it is very important to clearly define the objectives of the study. Objective of this study is devised to be in line with the literature study and the methodology. The objectives are thoughtfully laid down to get a deeper insight in to the idea of viral marketing and the factors influencing it. To spot out the major factors and its results, taking place on the product or the company name as a result of Viral Marketing. To discover the most ideal factors that can contribute towards the success of the viral marketing campaign. Analyze which business sectors can support the viral marketing technique. To discover the effectiveness of viral marketing. To analyze the influence of viral marketing on the customer base and sales generation. 1.7.Purpose The purpose behind this study is to analyze the relatively new introduced concept of viral marketing. The cyber world has taken over the world of marketing and communication through its endless possibilities. Social networking website, social media websites etc. are already being used for the purpose of exploring new trends to market and sell the products. Viral marketing is thought to be similar as the word-of-mouth marketing. People tell share about experience, idea and thoughts about a certain product and spread the word around. Viral marketing is growing over the period of time yet very limited research has been conducted on the topic. Keeping in mind the importance of this subject it is very important to lay down some of the details for the future work and references. Viral marketing has proved to very effective in many cases, those cases will be discussed in detail to understand the logic behind the success of this new marketing mantra. By critically analyzing the factors influencing the viral marketing we can deduce some very interesting results. This paper will define the purpose and need of this study in more detail and help the researchers to build another research topic on this subject matter. Reasons for selecting topic The history of Viral Marketing is not primitive in nature, it all started in near past with the catchy tagline introduced by Hotmail Get your free e-mail from Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.comto attract more users (Helm 2000, Porter Golan 2006). As per Welker (2002, p.7) this form of marketing is nothing but the new presentation of old idea of word-of-mouth marketing, Viral Marketing is not an old concept thus the amount of work present on the topic is also limited. There is a need for more research studies on this ever increasing topic of interest. This topic has been selected keeping in mind the limited work done on this topic. This study will deeply analyze the factors influencing the viral marketings success. Viral marketing works well in the community where people are receptive towards the use of technology and processes. India is a market with great potential and keen interest in technology. Also in India WOM and viral marketing strategies work well because of the community se t up. In this study various case studies of viral marketing would be studied and its impact would be critically analyzed. Viral marketing is appreciated in youth because it is easy for them to forward or send a page as a reference to their friends, especially if they are given some incentive to perform the activity. Viral marketing is done through a number of means. Social networking websites are also considered very important to do the viral marketing activity. Twitter is considered a great source of viral marketing. Facebook and YouTube are also used to conduct viral marketing activities. Blogs and online referrals are also a great source of viral marketing. This form of marketing is new yet is old enough to create the buzz in the viewers of the ad campaign. Studying the progress of this marketing technique is of great importance in todays era where technology has taken precedence over every other means of communication. This study will help in analyzing the success factors behind a good viral campaign in the technology market which is quiet admired in India. The youth in India is one of the early adapters of the technology thus studying the impact of viral marketing in this part of the world will reveal great insights about viral marketing success. Literature Review Word of Mouth marketing techniques could not only influence consumer choices and purchasing decisions (Arndt, J; 67), but rather shape clients expectations [Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996], pre-usage perception [Herr, Kardes, Kim, 91] and even post-usage attitudes of product lines or service areas [Bone, 95]. [Katz, E.; Lazarsfeld, 55] indicated the influence of Word of Mouth technique is greater than that of a classic advertising medium. Researchers (Kaikati Kaikati 2004) look at this phenomenonas digital word of mouthmethod distributing advertiserscallthrough the click of mouse and making sure to target thecuriosity level required to move ahead the message to their peers. (Dobele et al 2005) intriguing the customers or the potential customers, to throw the message, they receive through digital mediums (emails, chat or websites) is defined as Viral Marketing. Bidirectional communication has become possible because of the digital word of mouth marketing (Dellarocas 2003)as a result it ha s left intriguing marks on the individuals (Goldenberg et al 2001) Brewer (2003) agrees at viral marketing otherwise known as referral marketing is a thorough process of getting a digital marketing message (about a product or idea) and sending it forward to the peers and the family. (Lauden and Traver 2001) but warns about the cost of viral marketing as only incremental. Different writers have different opinions about the concept and the process of viral marketing like Laudon and Traver who defines this as Viral marketers utilize consumer-to-consumer preferred method of communicating, which is rapid and cost effective (Laudon and Traver, 2001). Another eminent writer Helm (2000) emphasizes viral marketing as a type of advertising which is almost like an online version of word-of-mouth advertisement (c.f., Beckmann Bell, 2000). According to viral marketing report published in 2011 by the YouGov, the 7th Chamber, social video seeding, and its worth remembering at this point that, when peering through the mists of time, things were very different back then. Social media was still a relatively new commodity to most (MySpace was the major player and Facebook the scrappy young upstart), podcasts were in their infancy and the iPhone and Twitter were just glints in their makers eyes. Meanwhile viral marketing was moving away from being funny little videos or client bolt-ons and starting to find its feet alongside traditional advertising and marketing mediums, yet YouTube was part of the Wild West, to be generally avoided by brands. Ross Mullane, Paddy Power, points out: YouTube barely existed five years ago. Broadband penetration was much lower, less people watched content online and it was not as easy to track i.e. when people may have sent a wmv around the place. Michael Sugden, the managing director at VCCP whose clients include Compare the Market and O2, says: The main reason for the rises that we do digital work for moreand more clients. In fact, we nowhave more clients for digital for thanadvertising.However, he warns: Branded contentis not immune to the fundamentalsof effective marketing. It has toengage and disrupt. Creatingbranded content is not enoughand currently too much dross, oflittle interest to consumers, is beingchurned out by brands. Daniel Goodall, the senior marketing manager at Nokia, says: Video is now an essential part in the decisionmaking process when it comes to high-consideration products and services. If, for example, a person wants or needs a new phone, they will go to Google or even straight to YouTube to search for a video. This is part of the increasingly complex consideration phase, during which video content enables people to make informed decisions before they go to retail stores or buy online. The survey conducted by the viral marketing report published in 2011 by the YouGov, the 7th Chamber, social video seeding shows that, YouTube is far and away the most used source for viewing videos with 30% of respondents saying that they use it. Facebook comes in second with 19%. Slightly more unexpected is the low scoring for blogs, Vimeo, Twitter, Bebo and MySpace barely registering on the consumers consciousness (none achieving higher than 2%). The report further states, The percentage of peoplewho have shared branded videocontent over an app is now higherthan all the best-known videosharing sites apart from YouTubeand Facebook coming in at 6%. And that thehighest number of respondentsthat said they used apps wasactually in the 55+ age group,which is not only a testament to thepower of the grey market but alsotheir ability to adopt mobile-basedtechnology (in no other categorydo the 55+ respondents seem tohave such an acute understandingof technology). These two thingstogether poi nt to an exceptionallyfertile ground for growth that isready to be exploited. Now this shows a huge success and growth for the viral marketing. Social media websites are already being used as the base for the viral messages however the mobile phone apps are also taking the high grounds for success. Viral marketing has basis to become successful tool for marketing because it is now being adapted by the people of greater ages as well as seen from this report. The same survey report asked its respondents of the online videos help in improving the brands image, 57% of the base answering neither agree nor disagree (28%agreeing, 15% disagreeing) it wouldappear on the surface that thepublic, on the whole, are eitherapathetic towards branding inonline videos or, more likely, theydo not fully understand how onlinebranding works. The report concludes by stating, Its also obvious that there is not only a greater understanding of what viral and branded content is but also that consumers are now much more trusting and happy to engage with branded content. Yet 70% of people claimed they didnt pass on branded videos, but 37% of people thought a brand could influence what a person bought. Strangely, this is worrying but also encouraging. As our offline lives become more disposable so do our online lives and content now need to be consistent as well as creative? Because consumers are now happier and familiar with branded content, this opportunity has to be taken but without content being over diluted, otherwise advertising messages will become lost in the maelstrom of the hundreds of hours of content uploaded to the internet every day. The opportunity is there for an intelligent strategy driven approach to creating online content, which, if correctly placed, the target audience will engage with, and ideally share. This research showsthat a lot of the fear and trepidation felt by consumers four years ago has been shrugged off with the market changing from new and fearful to mat ure and fearless. With more and more places to engage with and share content, these are exciting and opportunistic times for consumer brands to reach their audience, effectively and efficiently. The referral mechanism behind viral marketing resembles the same as of the word-of-mouth marketing (Buttle 1997; Helm 2000; Lindberg-Repo Gronroos, 1999); where a positive WOM is considered the take place when people write good and encouraging testimonials about the company and the mirror image is conceived with the negative WOM (Buttle 1997) As per Bansal and Voyer (2000, p. 166)), there is surprisingly limited empirical research that examines deeply (word of mouth) procedural aspects Beckman and Bell however were able to find some differences between viral marketing and word-of-mouth marketing, therefore resulting both in having different implications when it comes to marketing. Some of such differences are listed below: Viral marketing flows to more people in much lesser time. WOM is mostly verbal and face-to-face; however viral marketing uses images, visual stimuli as well as text. Viral marketing gives more control on the content to the company however WOM totally depends on the words of the communicator. WOM is a two way communication i.e. it comes with the feedback from the responder. This point makes the likely hood of the receiver to attend the message greater. Brodie (2001) establishes that one of the oldest possible examples of viral marketing campaign can be the Gospel and the Christian missionaries preaching the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, thereby making viral marketing a centuries old phenomenon with a rich history and background. Helm believes that although viral marketing products are diffused quickly because users are usually taken to the website home page by the person who referred them to this link page (Helm, 2000). (Kaikati 2004) statesthis marketing technique like stealth method but however stealth advertisingis new in the world of marketing viral marketing refers to the advertisement (Phelps et al 2004, Porter Golan 2006) and brand (Dobele et al 2005, Moore 2003) factors of conventionalbrand promotion. The definition of [Hennig-Thurau, Gwinner, Walsh, Gremler, 2004] are alike definitions of Word of Mouth [Arndt; 1967], whereby [Montgomery 2001] links the phenomenon with advertisement and understands it as a communication strategy. [Helm 2000] and [Subramani; Rajagopalan 2003] expand the scope of this distribution and communication. Still the definition of [Helm 2000] limits viral marketing to the products and offerings available digitally even though services are neglected. Modzelewskis propositions [Modzelewskis 2001] that viral marketing differentiates from traditional word of mouth due to the positive network external factors interestingly enough, as it integrates viral marketing and with network effect theories. (Subramani, Rajagopalan 2003) Viral marketing involves: Consumers who are connected and know each other (Reichheld and Schefter, 2000) Consumers who might not know each other (Laudon and Traver, 2001) Since the customers or the users are the main elements of viral marketing technique. An organization can choose due diligence the consumer set that must first approve on the Viral message, since the development and progress of such messages is on the shoulders of these individuals (Bennan 2000; Harvard Management Update 2000; Helm 2000). Viral marketing is explained as a process with certain strategies and Helm indicates how this is accomplished. Viral marketing strategies tend to be classified according to the degree of requirement of the individuals part in the forwarding of marketing messages (Helm, 2000) low level as well as high level incorporation strategies. The former strategies include Send this story to a friend icons and can be utilized for web hosted address book links, calendars, list servers, news group readers and greeting cards services or service providers. The later strategies dictate active participation of the client in reaching new clients who may have to downloa d unique programs (Helm, 2000; Jurvetson Draper, 1998). De Bruyn and Lilien (2003) also state this when they discuss intentional viral message disseminations (e.g., PayPal or the Recommend It which is published and known from numerous websites) and unintentional viral communication message disseminations (e.g. hotmail.com). The current data available for the said topic shows four emerging research methods so as to make theory, conception and contribution, easy. These include VM comparisons, VM C2C, communication media study and positioning VM. Comparisons drawn let us compare viral marketing techniques to other marketing techniques like TV etc.(Porter Golan 2006). C2C VMstudies particular problems with-in the perspective of consumers for example consumer loyalty and value (Gruen et al 2006). Communications media defines particular distribution models like emails and other online transmissions (Welker 2002). The lastmethod is VM positioning, this research is concerned with only the tracking of proper positioning for VM (Dobele et al 2005, Helm 2000). The effortby Dellarocas (20032005) depicts the results that models like eBay can produce. Trust, however is doubtful in the online recommendations due to the changing of facts (Dellarocas 2003) the possibility of online frauds also increase due to this (Boltonetal 2004). Online reputation is like a capital asset that must be maintained and invested in (Rob Fishman 2005). Viral marketing over social networks has been analyzed for the purpose of influence maximization (P. Domingos, M. Richardson. D. Kempe, J. Kleinberg,) or revenue increase (J. Hartline, H. Akhlaghpour,) In the influence maximization scenario models (P. Domingos, M. Richardson. D. Kempe, J. Kleinberg,), a consumers decision to buy a product is influenced by a set of other people who own similar products. In the revenue maximization case model (J. Hartline, H. Akhlaghpour,) people dont simply adopt products, but rather must spend money to buy them. Researchers like Mayzlin (2006) and counterparts like Chevalier (2006), Godes (2004) set up on both behavioral management science customs and methodologyclientsproduced distinctiveness and attitude as cases thatmay be used as recognizedamounts in arithmetical models. Dellarocas (2003) asks for additionalinvestigate on responsetechnique or mechanism planthat may be extensive more generally to other features of VM or P2P communication together with theoretical experiments and experiential research that believes the worldwidecontact of buyer seller attitude and aimproved understanding of the way managers shouldsettle in their strategies in online circumstances. Measuring the viral marketing impact The end result of VM campaigns may certainly be prejudiceddue tomagnetism of message, promotionintend and otherpertinentinterference policies. The apparentworth of the viral marketing promotionalong withpresenting an enticement to improve the impact cooperate a central role in formatting a users tendency to promote the viral communication (Bampo, et al, 2008). Bampo et al (2008) in one of the studies defined the parameters for the propensity and reach of the viral message. The study discusses in depth the mathematical way to measure the expected reach of the message. There are different factors defined in the study which help in understanding the link between those parameters and the results or outcomes of the linkage between said factors and parameters. According to a theory by Bampo(2008) once the message reaches the destination system, the system becomes infected with the viral marketing now if the infected system forwards the message to another system this mechanism is defined by a parameter of forwarding. The forwarding parameter can be further described as, contagion parameter as described in outbreak theory (Becker 1989). In the digital circumstances the contamination parameter refers to the possible probability of forwarding a message. This leads to the formation of another parameter known as the activation factor or parameter. Acc ording to Bampo et al (2008) suggest of starting with the broader level absolute social network thatsummarizes all types of relationsin between the connectionse.g., family ties or social or professional connections. Number of such connections can be computerized and we call them digital subset of the absolutesystem as the relevant underlying digital social network. Asa digital message is received by an individual within the particularprimary digital social network, they are faced with two separate choices, first being either or not to pass on the message, according to the forwarding stricture or secondly if they

Unintentional Findings :: essays research papers

Unintentional Findings EN 102 Honors February 12, 1997 One can find their place in society much the same way as Stephen did. Unintentionally he went back and forth between extremes until he found his own preference. Figuring out what one wants to do with their life can be confusing, especially since there are so many opportunities in the world, but giving each a chance and finding one that suits one's personality and attitude is the best thing to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think Stephen went from one extreme, wanting prostitutes, to another extreme, a life of celibacy as a priest, were done on purpose, on course to finding his own happy medium. The same people might also say Stephen purposely chose a happy medium as not to subject himself to either extreme; being in the middle lets him experience a little of both extremes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different people might say that his oblique search for his place in society was brought on from when he was very young with his artistic vision. He looked at things differently then others boys around him and he knew that. He always had extra questions about the simplest of matters and constantly thought about what was wrong and right and how it lead to double-standards. This is seen when he is asked if he kisses his mother at night. No matter what his answer is he still gets laughed at and this remains in thoughts for a while. His artistic vision can probably reflect his incessant habit of always having an opposing opinion to his schoolmates even if it was something small such as who he thought the greatest writer was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his school Stephen seemed to be told how he was supposed to think and do things and in turn saw his family unable to follow the strict Catholicism taught in his school. This guided him in his decision for his future plans since he felt he was isolated from others because of the way he thought and did things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looking at his decision for where he fit in society one should not ignore the fact that his family life had an impact on his choice. Had Stephen not been so sensitive it would not have bothered him so much how little he gained emotionally, intellectually, and spiritually from the Irish nationalism surrounding him and his religious background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin his life as an artist, his final decision concerning his place in society he realizes he cannot stay in the environment where he is seen as

How To Break Up With Someone Essay -- Proccess Descriptive Relationshi

How To Break Up With Someone Almost everyone will have to break up with a boyfriend or a girlfriend at some point in his or her life. Breaking up is honestly a hard thing to do no matter what the situation. At some point in time, you found something special in this person that you are now going to have to get out of your life. Now these good times and special features must be bypassed so you can do what's best for you. An easy way to remember the tools you need is to remember the Wizard of Oz, because all you need is courage, a heart and a brain. The first step to ending a relationship is realizing it is going nowhere. Realization is the most important step. After making this conclusion, your brain knows what to do, even if your heart may feel different. In addition, a person tends to fall out of love easier when they think of their future (or lack there of) with a specific man or woman. When you recognize the relationship is not going to lead to a loving marriage, the logical side of you thinks of the next step, starting over without him/her in your life. This way of thinking also helps to console a broken heart after a break up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second step is deciding how to tell your significant other. You can tell the person in many ways, but be cautious and consider their temperament and personality. This subject can be very painful and needs to be personalized. Let them know gently that at one point in time you cared for them tremendously and that they will alw...

british punk Essay -- essays research papers

Punk This is Peter Inskip coming to you live from triple j, with this week’s segment in our ‘Music and Society’ series. For the next half hour we’ll be looking at the punk music scene starting in the mid-seventies. Punk was born in the early 70’s in New York, and is still evolving. No other style in the history of rock, has been so uncompromising, or made such a dramatic impression as Punk Rock. The two versions of punk, the original American and its British descendent, were very different. British punk was aggressive and angry. It demanded immediate change and had no interest in working for the solution. The Sex Pistols typified British Punk with such songs as "Anarchy In The UK," which did not give a thought to anarchy's effect. American punk seemed lazy by comparison. It was sarcastic where the English version was more violent; the British pushed one step further, thus gaining more recognition. The first of the punk rock bands to be signed up with a record company were the Ramones. The Ramones survived through to the mid 90’s and still have a huge following. In that time they released over a dozen albums, most of their songs are short and simple three or four chord arrangements. Artists like the Ramones, Patti Smith, Television, Talking Heads, and Blondie, came out of the U.S, but Punk took on greater strength in England, where Bands such as the Sex Pistols, the Damned, the Clash, and the Buzzcocks emerged with more aggression than their softer Amer... british punk Essay -- essays research papers Punk This is Peter Inskip coming to you live from triple j, with this week’s segment in our ‘Music and Society’ series. For the next half hour we’ll be looking at the punk music scene starting in the mid-seventies. Punk was born in the early 70’s in New York, and is still evolving. No other style in the history of rock, has been so uncompromising, or made such a dramatic impression as Punk Rock. The two versions of punk, the original American and its British descendent, were very different. British punk was aggressive and angry. It demanded immediate change and had no interest in working for the solution. The Sex Pistols typified British Punk with such songs as "Anarchy In The UK," which did not give a thought to anarchy's effect. American punk seemed lazy by comparison. It was sarcastic where the English version was more violent; the British pushed one step further, thus gaining more recognition. The first of the punk rock bands to be signed up with a record company were the Ramones. The Ramones survived through to the mid 90’s and still have a huge following. In that time they released over a dozen albums, most of their songs are short and simple three or four chord arrangements. Artists like the Ramones, Patti Smith, Television, Talking Heads, and Blondie, came out of the U.S, but Punk took on greater strength in England, where Bands such as the Sex Pistols, the Damned, the Clash, and the Buzzcocks emerged with more aggression than their softer Amer...

Icloud Current Situation Analysis

CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS Christopher Dobrinski Esra Arnaudova Evanzhelin Stoyanova Jora Cakuli Apple Inc. is an American  multinational corporation  that designs and sells  consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company is widely recognized by its logo which is an apple that is bitten on the right side which symbolizes lust, knowledge, hope and anarchy. Apple’s most famous products include the iPad, the iPhone, the iPod, and the MacBook series of laptops. All products offered by Apple use the iOS operational system.On August 20th, 2012 the company’s value broke the world record which is 624 billion dollars. iCloud is one of the company’s flagship applications, which allows its users to store data on remote computer servers, so that they can synchronize that data with almost every device that has the iOS system. The iCloud system provides its users with the ability to upload everything from music to books, photos, apps, and et c. Every iCloud account offers 5gb of free storage space, additional space be purchased in 10, 20 or 50 GB.Other features that the application has are Find My Phone which allows users to track the location of their iOS device or Mac. Find My Friends is another feature which allows users to share their location. Back To My Mac is a service on the iCloud that allows users to login remotely to other computers configured with the same Apple ID. iTunes Match is newest feature of the storage app, customers can match and scan tracks from CDs or other sources and listen to the same tracks on iTunes free of charge. Cloud’s main competitors include Amazon Cloud Drive, Box. net, Dropbox, and Microsoft Skydrive. Amazon Cloud Drive is a storage system much like the iCloud, it was launched in March 2011 by Amazon. com, just like the iCloud it offers 5 GB of free storage, any additional storage can be purchased, the cost is 1$ per GB a year, which is a lot cheaper than the product that Appl e Inc. offers. Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by Dropbox Inc. which offers client software, file synchronization and cloud storage.Dropbox allows users to create a special folder on each personal computer that they have, which then Dropbox synchronizes so that the folder and its contents can be viewed on every PC or phone that it is synchronized with. Unlike Apple and Amazon, Dropbox only offers 2 GB of free space, while the paid Pro account offers up to 100 GB. Dropbox works with iOS, Android and Blackberry for mobile users and on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. Which is amazing because itis one of the few storage services that can be used on multiple software platforms. Box. net has been on the market since 2005 and has been a powerhouse in the segment.The personal edition of Box. net offers 5 GB of free space, while the maximum that can be purchased is 500 GB for 15 dollars a month with enhanced features. Box. net just like Dropbox works on multiple platform s. Microsoft Skydrive is Microsoft’s cloud storage system. The system offers 7 GB of free space, users that signed up prior to April 22nd received 25 GB of free storage enhancement. The service uses HTML5 technologies which allows customers to upload files of up to 300 MB in size by dragging and dropping the file into the web browser. Microsoft Skydrive works only for Windows Home and Windows Phone users.

Large Public Buildings

(Introduction: mention that public buildings exist in all cities and towns, large and small, e. g. post office, court pause, places of worship, theater) A public building is a building that belongs in some way to the state. The number of public buildings in any town or village will depend on the size of that community and its needs. For example, you will usually find a town hall of some sort, a school and a place of worship at he least. In anger communities there will be a police station, law courts, a library and maybe a theater funded by he state. (Pros: city pride, beautiful to look at, useful/necessary buildings, create a city center. ) The desire to build impressive buildings is not new. The ancient cities of the Middle East and South America were designed with large public buildings to impress visitors and enemies and give a sense of pride. In modern times, outstanding public buildings still. reate a great sense of local and national pride. They are what gives a city its character and they form asocial center, a place where people like to meet. (Cons: waste of public money, intimidating, nationalistic. Give opinion on whether they stop us from building houses or whether they can be compatible. ) However, some people argue that governments have constructed unnecessary, and sometimes ugly, buildings simply to make themselves feel important. I tend to feel that such buildings may be a waste of public money but I am not sure we can claim that they prevent houses from being built, because these governments have often ensured that adequate housing was also available. Houses and public buildings can exist side by side. (Conclusion – sum up the two parts to the answer. Leave the reader thinking. ) The answer lies in finding ape right balance. We want o feel pride in our town, but we also want our citizens to have comfortable homes. It is hard to please everyone.

Comptronix Corporation Case Study

A439: Advanced Auditing Accounting and Review Services Take Home Quiz February 6, 2008 Instructions: 1. On the Scantrom form in box labeled â€Å"Test No. † print â€Å"Review Services. † 2. Use the Scantron form to indicate your answers to the questions below. 3. Turn-in the Scantron sheet on the due date. 4. Open book, open note, online searches are all allowed. 5. NOT allowed – using other students, people or CPA exam review books. Suggestion: If you plan to take the Auditing portion of the CPA Exam â€Å"soon,† take 10 – 15 minutes to review your notes and text, and then take the quiz without notes, etc.After that if you want to do research and change answers do so, but keep track of the original answers so you can assess your knowledge level for this topic.Questions:1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding a review engagement of a nonpublic company’s financial statements performed in accordance with the Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARs)? a. An accountant must establish an understanding with the client in an engagement letter. b. An accountant must obtain an understanding of the client’s internal control when performing a review. . A review provides an accountant with a basis for expressing limited assurance on the financial statements. d. A review report contains an accountant’s opinion of the financial statements taken as a whole.2. Which of the following procedures does a CPA normally perform first in a review engagement in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS)? a. Inquiry regarding the client’s principles and practices and the method of applying them b. Inquiry concerning the effectiveness of the client’s system of internal ontrol c. Inquiry to identify transactions between related parties and management d. Inquiry of the client’s professional advisors including bankers, insurance agents, and consultants.3. North Co. , a privately held entity, asked its tax accountant, King, a CPA in public practice, to generate North’s interim financial statements on King’s personal computer when King prepared North’s quarterly tax return. King should not submit these financial statements to North unless, as a minimum, King complies with the provisions of a. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services. b. Statements on Standards for Unaudited Financial Services. c. Statements on Standards for Consulting Services. d. Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements.4. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services establish standards and procedures for which of the following engagements? a. Assisting in adjusting the books of account for a partnership. b. Reviewing interim financial information required to be filed by public companies with the SEC. . Processing financial data for clients of other accounting firms. d. Compiling an individual’s personal financial statement to be used to obtain a mortgage.5. May an accountant accept an engagement to compile or review the financial statements of a not-for-profit entity if the accountant is unfamiliar with the specialized industry accounting principles but plans to obtain the required level of knowledge before compiling or reviewing the financial sta tements? a. b. c. d. Compilation No Yes No Yes Review No No Yes Yes6. In a review engagement, the accountant should establish an understanding with the entity, preferably in writing, regarding the services to be performed. the understanding should include all of the following except a a. Description of the nature and limitations of the services to be performed. b. Description of the report the accountant expects to issue. c. Provision that the engagement cannot be relied upon to disclose errors, fraud, or illegal acts. d. Provision that any errors, fraud, or illegal acts that come to the accountant’s attention need not be reported.7. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARSs) require an accountant to report when the accountant has a. Typed client-prepared financial statements, without modification, as an accommodation to the client. b. Provided a client with a financial statement format that does not include dollar amounts to be used by the client in preparing financial statements. c. Proposed correcting journal entries to be recorded by the client that change client-prepared financial statements. d. Prepared, through the use of computer software, financial statements to be used by third parties.8. When an accountant performs more than one level of service (for example, a compilation and a review, or a compilation and an audit) concerning the financial statements of a nonpublic entity, the accountant ordinarily should issue the report that is appropriate for a. The lowest level of service rendered. b. The highest level of service rendered. c. A compilation engagement. d. A review engagement.9. An accountant should not submit unaudited financial statements to the management of a nonpublic company unless, at a minimum, the accountant a. Assists in adjusting the books of account and preparing the trial balance. b. Types or reproduces the financial statements. c. Complies with the standards applicable to compilation engagements. d. Applies analytical procedures to the financial statements.10. When engaged to compile the financial statements of a nonpublic entity, an accountant is required to possess a level of knowledge of the entity’s accounting principles and practices. This requirement most likely will include obtaining a general understanding of the a. Stated qualifications of the entity’s accounting personnel. b. Design of the entity’s internal controls that have been implemented. c. Risk factors relating to misstatements arising from illegal acts. d. Internal control awareness of the entity’s senior management.11. When compiling a nonpublic entity’s financial statements, an accountant is least likely to a. Perform analytical procedures designed to identify relationships that appear to be unusual. b. Read the compiled financial statements and consider whether they appear to include adequate disclosure. c. Omit substantially all of the disclosures required by generally ac cepted accounting principles. . Issue a compilation report on one or more, but not all, of the basic financial statements.12. Which of the following should not be included in an accountant’s standard report based upon the compilation of an entity’s financial statements? a. A statement that a compilation is limited to presenting in the form of financial statements information that is the representation of management. b. A statement that the compilation was performed in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services issued by the AICPA. c. A statement that the accountant has not audited or reviewed the statements. d. A statement that the accountant does not express an opinion but provides only negative assurance on the statements.13. How does an accountant make the following representations when issuing the standard report for the compilation of a nonpublic entity’s financial statements? The Financial Statements Have Not Been Audited a. b. c. d. Implicitly Explicitly Implicitly Explicitly The Accountant Has Compiled the Financial Statements Implicitly Explicitly Explicitly Implicitly14. When an accountant attaches a compilation report to a nonpublic entity’s financial statements that omit substantially all disclosures required by GAAP, the accountant should indicate in the compilation report that the financial statements are a. Not designed for those who are uninformed about the omitted disclosures. b. Prepared in conformity with a comprehensive basis of accounting other than GAAP. c. Not compiled in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services. d. Special-purpose financial statements that are not comparable to those of prior periods.15. Which of the following representations does an accountant make implicitly when issuing the standard report for the compilation of a nonpublic entity’s financial statements? a. The accountant is independent with respect to the entity. b. The financial statements have not been audited. c. A compilation consists principally of inquiries and analytical procedures. d. The accountant does not express any assurance on the financial statements.16. Miller, CPA, is engaged to compile the financial statements of Web Co. , a nonpublic entity, in conformity with the income tax basis of accounting. If Web’s financial statements do not disclose the basis of accounting used, Miller should a. Disclose the basis of accounting in the accountant’s compilation report. b. Clearly label each page â€Å"Distribution Restricted—Material Modifications Required. † c. Issue a special report describing the effect of in the incomplete presentation. d. Withdraw from the engagement and provide no further services to Web.17. Which of the following should be the first step in reviewing the financial statements of a nonpublic entity? a. Comparing the financial statements with statements for comparable prior periods and wi th anticipated results. . Completing a series of inquiries concerning the entity’s procedures for recording, classifying, and summarizing transactions. c. Obtaining a general understanding of the entity’s organization, its operating characteristics, and its products or services. d. Applying analytical procedures designed to identify relationships and individual items that appear to be unusual.18. In reviewing the financial statements of a nonpublic entity, an accountant is required to modify the standard review report for which of the following matters? Inability to Assess he Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud a. b. c. d. Discovery of Significant Deficiencies in the Design of the Internal Control____ Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No19. Which of the following procedures should an accountant perform during an engagement to review the financial statements of a nonpublic entity? a. Communicating control deficiencies discovered during the assessment of control risk. b. Obtaining a client representation letter from members of management. c. Sending bank confirmation letters to the entity’s financial institutions. . Examining cash disbursements in the subsequent period for unrecorded liabilities.20. Which of the following procedures is usually performed by the accountant in a review engagement of a nonpublic entity? a. Sending a letter of inquiry to the entity’s lawyer. b. Comparing the financial statements with statements for comparable prior periods. c. Confirming a significant percentage of receivables by direct communication with debtors. d. Communicating control deficiencies discovered during the consideration of internal control.21. Performing inquiry and analytical procedures is the primary basis for an accountant to issue a a. Report on compliance with requirements governing major federal assistance programs in accordance with the single Audit Act. b. Review report on prospective financial statements that present an entity†™s expected financial position, given one or more hypothetical assumptions. c. Management advisory report prepared at the request of a client’s audit committee. d. Review report on comparative financial statements for a nonpublic entity in its second year of operations.22.Financial statements of a nonpublic entity that have been reviewed by an accountant should be accompanied by a report stating that a review a. Provides only limited assurance that the financial statements are fairly presented. b. Includes examining, on a test basis, information that is the representation of management. c. Consists principally of inquiries of company personnel and analytical procedures applied to financial data. d. Does not contemplate obtaining corroborating evidential matter or applying certain other procedures ordinarily performed during an audit.23.An accountant who reviews the financial statements of a nonpublic entity should issue a report stating that a review a. Is substantially les s in scope than an audit. b. Provides negative assurance that internal control is functioning as designed. c. Provides only limited assurance that the financial statements are fairly presented. d. Is substantially more in scope than a compilation.24. An accountant’s standard report on a review of the financial statements of a nonpublic entity should state that the accountant a. Does not express an opinion or any form of limited assurance on the financial statements. . Is not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the financial statements for them to conform with GAAP. c. Obtained reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. d. Examined evidence, on a test basis, supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.25. Baker, CPA, was engaged to review the financial statements of Hall Company, a nonpublic entity. Evidence came to Baker’s attention that indicated substantial doubt as to H all’s ability to continue as a going concern.The principal conditions and events that caused the substantial doubt have been fully disclosed in the notes to Hall’s financial statements. Which of the following statements best describes Baker’s reporting responsibility concerning this matter? a. Baker is not required to modify the accountant’s review report. b. Baker is not permitted to modify the accountant’s review report. c. Baker should issue an accountant’s compilation report instead of a review report. d. Baker should express a qualified opinion in the account’s review report.26.When an auditor reports on financial statements prepared on an entity’s income tax basis, the auditor’s report should a. Disclaim an opinion on whether the statements were examined in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. b. Not express an opinion on whether the statements are presented in conformity with the comprehensive ba sis of accounting used. c. Include an explanation of how the results of operations differ from the cash receipts and disbursements basis of accounting. d. State that the basis of presentation is a comprehensive basis of accounting other than GAAP.27.An auditor’s special report on financial statements prepared in conformity with the cash basis of accounting should include a separate explanatory paragraph before the opinion paragraph that a. Justifies the reasons for departing from generally accepted accounting principles. b. States whether the financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with another comprehensive basis of accounting. c. Refers to the note to the financial statements that describes the basis of accounting. d. Explains how the results of operations differ from financial statements prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.28. Delta Life Insurance co. prepares its financial statements on an accounting basis insurance compani es use pursuant to the rules of a state insurance commission. If Wall, CPA, Delta’s auditor, discovers that the statements are not suitably titled, Wall should a. Disclose any reservations in an explanatory paragraph and qualify the opinion. b. Apply to the state insurance commission for an advisory opinion. c. Issue a special statutory basis report that clearly disclaims any opinion. d. Explain in the notes to the financial statements the terminology used.

The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness Essay

Correctional Policies Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Correctional policies are the mechanisms put in place to act as rehabilitative guides on offenders and criminals. Based on the restorative theory of justice, several policies are developed to act as guide for administration of justice to all. Restorative principles strive to renew personal damages and communal relationships. Victims are the point of focus and the major goal is to heal and renew the personal well-being and retain the offender’s dignity and trust in the community (Furio, 2007). For instance, victims and offenders participation should be based on voluntary free and informed consent. They must be offered a comprehensible explanation about the process, what is likely to occur because of their participation and the condition at which the free consent may be withdrawn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The participants in a case must accept the essential truth of the offence and admit the responsibility arising from the offence (Furio, 2007). Additionally, these facts should offer adequate evidence to proceed with the charge and law must not bar the prosecution for the offence alongside granting each participant right to seek legal advice before and at all stages of the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Restorative justice may take place at all phase of criminal justice system starting from pre-charge, sentencing and release from custody (Furio, 2007). However, the compatibility of the policies find a divers application on different cases. It is best applicable in criminal offences but finds limitations in traffic offences. It is evident that most of the crimes are committed by the youth. This may be accredited to the fact that the offending peak is in the late adolescence. There exist conspicuous discrepancies in the juvenile justice systems whose explanations remain a myth to scholars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Alexander (2010), USA has two systems of justice, one for privileged class of whites and the other for the disadvantaged blacks. This discrimination was demonstrated in 1980s during cocaine crack down that majorly involved black minors. This discrimination is based on color and socioeconomic status of both American whites and blacks (Alexander, 2010). References Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: New Press. Furio, J. (2007). Restorative justice: Prison as Hell or a Chance for Redemption. New York: Algora Pub. Source document

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Questions - Assignment Example ime when he got used to my presence he started letting me take some of the toys that weren’t his favorite, although I wasn’t allowed to take the favorite ones. When he realized that I didn’t insist on taking his toys he abandoned his greed and even started passing me some of his favorite toys. Approximately two hours had passed from the very first moment of our meeting to the moment he voluntary gave me his favorite toys. Probably the reason why it took so long for the toddler to socialize was that he was nurtured to be self-centered, though it wasn’t his natural condition because he easily got socialized when his parents weren’t present during the process of communication. Thus the best way for toddlers to learn socialization skills is to actually socialize them. If they start integrating into different groups of other toddlers (like kindergarten) or simply interact with people other than their parents, they will eventually learn the skills by them selves and will socialize more rapidly in the future. 3. A simple game I suggested for a 17 month-old toddler was to construct a small tower (from two to three stages) of ordinary wooden toy blocks. I explained to the boy what I wanted him to do and in the meantime I was showing how exactly he was supposed to construct the tower using the toy blocks. He absolutely got the task and started building the tower. However, sometimes it was quite difficult for him to hold the toy blocks and don’t drop them until he puts them on the right place. The skill he was supposed to learn was the skill to hold an object tight in his hands and be able to twist it to the exact side that he needed to put it down on another object. The toddler experienced certain difficulties with holding the toy blocks because it frequently happened that while twisting a block to the right side he dropped the object and ruined the entire construction. Notwithstanding the difficulties, he learned how to do it in another hour and eventually

The Problem of Consumer Skepticism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Problem of Consumer Skepticism - Case Study Example However, there are many factors inhibiting development towards greener practices. One might think that any effort made by a company to be eco friendly is well received by those who are concerned about the environment. For example, Coca Cola’s effort towards greener practices has been faced by numerous setbacks. The bottles are still made of plastic and even though it is recyclable most consumers through them away leading to environmental pollution. Secondly, the green idea is no exception as it has been faced by a huge controversy inhibiting its progress. Although, the idea would have positive impacts on the environment, such as reducing rainwater runoff by 38 percent and minimize heat island impact by 26 percent, there are those who are against the idea. Critics state that the new by law behind the idea of green rooftops may dampen the efforts of the green movement, as it will limit developers’ options in constructing, as they will be concerned towards making the building eco-friendly thus increase the building costs. Consumer attitudes towards eco-friendly products limit greener practices since most of them are skeptical about paying a high price for these products.

Recruitment and Retention of nurses Research Paper

Recruitment and Retention of nurses - Research Paper Example The nursing profession is an important department in the development of every nation. The profession of nursing is even more important to the United States because the government more particular about the good health care of the citizenry. It is therefore not surprising that the Obama Government has devoted so much into health-care. â€Å"The Obama campaign estimates his health care reform plan will cost between $50 and $65 billion a year when fully phased in† (Laszewski, 2008). THE PROBLEM DEFINED Owning to the importance of the nursing profession and the inevitable situation of employee turnover and retirement, there is the urgent need for research and review into the recruitment of nurses to find workable means of making the recruitment of nurses successful, meaningful and mission-oriented. Closely related to the recruitment of nurses is also the issue of retention of nurses. This is because research has shown that one important factor for ensuring employee retention is thr ough positive and well organized employee recruitment (Fertile Ground Detroit, 2008). To this effect, this write-up is committed to researching and reviewing the shortfalls of recruitment processes and exercises that take place in various nursing organizations and institutions. What is more, the write-up shall critically analyze the failures of recruitment and placement exercises that have been going on in the nursing fraternity in times past. Much attention shall be placed on the duties of human resource managers in various organizations since they form the nucleus of employee recruitment processes in various organizations. Again in this write-up, the researcher shall relate the positive impacts of effective employee recruitment on employee retention. What is more, the employee shall give out personal suggestions on how recruitment of nurses can be made effective. PROBLEM ANALYSIS The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, CIPD (2011) explains that â€Å"recruitment is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time.† From this definition, it is clear that there are certain processes and guidelines that should be followed in recruitment exercises in various nursing organizations. To this end, the major problem that has been linked to poor recruitment is wrong approach towards the recruitment exercise. Wrong approach to Advertisement Firstly, most organizations take the wrong approach in the advertisement and publicity of recruitment vacancies. This is because most often than not, organizations looking for nurses restrict their advertisement to nursing schools and few community newspapers with the view of attracting fewer candidates in order to save money. However, this limits the number of potentially capable candidates for the vacancy. Constitution of Recruitment Team Another problem has to do with the constitution of recruitment team. In some organizations, the recruitment process is left in the hands very few people. This however reduces efficiency because the work becomes tedious for the few people. Inefficiencies are seen when the people have to spend much time undertaking manual processes when those tasks could be

Sinusitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sinusitis - Essay Example Thus, there is the abnormal production of B and T cells, and IgG deficiency is triggered by a defect of B cells. IgG deficiency can occur in two forms that are selective and specific. In most cases, the B cells are low in selective antibody deficiency. Likewise, the T cells are also inadequate. The T cells help in B cell immunoglobulin synthesis. Thus, selective IgG deficiency is accompanied by isolated IgG deficiency with normal levels of IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. In specific IgG deficiency, there is evidence of inadequate levels of other immunoglobulin isotypes. Both types of IgG deficiency result to respiratory infections. For instance sinus, ear, pneumonia, and bronchitis infections. In this case the patient is diagnosed with a combined T and B cell immunodeficiency (Lang, 2009. This individual is suffering from IgG2 due to the developing illnesses sinus (Porth, 2011). In addition, the antibodies against polysaccharide antigens and carbohydrates belong to IgG2 category. On the othe r hand, antibodies against protein antigens are categorized in IgG1 and IgG3 groups. The IgG immunoglobulins are categorized in four groups founded on the function and structure. It is classified from IgG1 to IgG4. In most cases, about 70% fit in the IgG1 and 20% belong to IgG2 groups. Antibodies that are opposed to protein antigens fit in IgG1 and IgG3 groups. There is another class of antibodies that are opposed to polysaccharide and carbohydrates antigens that belong to IgG2 group. Patients with IgG2 deficiency are at high risk of suffering from pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis. These illnesses are triggered by microorganisms known as polysaccharide-encapsulated. The microorganisms include N. meningitides, H. influenza type b, and pneumonia. In some cases, the patients are healthy, and others are asymptomatic in presence of the IgG

Land Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Land Law - Assignment Example The entire cost for this work was worth  £ 110,000. Ali unduly influenced Ben to signed mortgage forms that lead to release of some security in Valiant Villa to cover the costs. Ideally, not all mortgages are utilized to buy property. As in this case, it is apparent that Ali who also worked as a model scout and agent committed himself to fund Cait. However, since Ali had no sufficient money, he decided to use his right to the villa to take a mortgage with Cantander bank. According to the common law, Cantander bank has the right to repossess Valliant Villa in the event that any liability within which joint owners are liable is not honored. In National Westminster Bank v Skelton, the court held that the mortgagee has unqualified right to repossession in the event that the mortgagor defaults in mortgage repayment.2 Cantander bank has the right to repossesses the villa and either uses it to generate income or sell it to recover unpaid mortgage amounts. Surprisingly, Ben was not fully aware of the whole deal as he thought the second mortgage was a form of mortgage repackaging. Unluckily, Cait Miss was embroiled in a drug scandal which dented her image making it difficult to continue working in the model industry. Indeed Ali’s reputation as her agent was also shattered and could no longer earn revenues to cover mortgage repayments. Cantander bank is now seeking repossession of Valiant Villa which has indeed caught Ben unaware. Ben should understand that mortgage as a contact is primarily based on contract law in regard to formation, terms and termination. As such, a mortgage differs from an ordinary loan since the mortgagee has equal rights to the property as the mortgagor. A mortgage has a proprietary interest since a mortgagee has rights over the property and can therefore take possession of that property in the event of non

Smoking Cessation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoking Cessation - Research Paper Example This prediction gives a great attraction to new ventures into the industry. At the present the industry is trying to grow and overlie most of its challenges. The industry is fragmented since it is facing stiff competition from the e-cigarrete industry and many of the smokers who want to quite do prefer diet way to quit or try other ways like tablet apps. There are several players in this industry who among them are food cessation products like gums, lollipops and drinks others are tablet and phone app users and now the cessations cigarrete. Examples of these players are prescription, nicotine inhaler, nicotine-free cigarettes and hypnosis acupuncture (Bloomberg, Thomson Financial, Reuters, Dow Jones). The largest player in the market is OTC nicotine spray product. The basis of competition in the industry is the pricing in that the cessations products should be cheaper than cigarrete and another factor is taste. The product should be easy to understand and leave no bad taste in the mouth. The major trends in the industry is that the cost is going up since new cheaper sensation products get into market daily and so cost of marketing must rise to keep a player in market. Due to high competition to prove to consumers that one product is best than others a lot of fund is spend on market and product modification to suit consumers interest. Technology is also a player in that some sensation apps are being developed in smart phones and tablets and are so cheap. Another upcoming trend is the class or status of smokers. People working in office do like products which will freshen their breath and kill the craving for nicotine cigarette. Government regulations like tax implication on nicotine makes cigarrete more expensive to consumers hence smokers opt to quit and start using smoking cessations. The winners of smoking cessation brands should proactively provide healthy solutions and