Organizational Behavior Analysis of Pluto Telecommunications

Organizational Behavior Analysis of Pluto Telecommunications Introduction The telecommunications industry has experienced a number of transformations and restructurings in recent years, and the companies that have survived are faced with a broad range of challenges in their operating environments today. Although every telecommunications corporation is unique in some way, and every operating environment is likewise different, it is possible to discern some organizational behaviors from recent reports of firms competing in this industry, at least in a general fashion. To this end, this paper provides an organizational behavior evaluation of a representative company, Pluto Telecommunications, including a brief corporate history and overview, an analysis of the companys corporate culture, and a discussion concerning how recent trends in the telecommunications industry will likely affect Pluto Telecommunications in the future. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings are presented in the conclusion. Review and Analysis Corporate History and Overview Founded in 1995 with headquarters in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Pluto Telecommunications is a mid-size telecommunications company offering its customers a broad range of solutions for personal, business and educational applications. At present, Pluto Telecommunications has 173 employees remaining after a recent downsizing initiative, an alternative that have been commonplace in the industry in recent years.Show MoreRelatedPluto Telecommunications Essay2351 Words   |  10 PagesThis text critically examines organizational behavior in Pluto Telecommunications through analysis of the relationship among the job design, motivation, structural form and the work culture. The Managing Director of Pluto Telecommunication came to understanding that the three departments within the organization: Sales, Marketing and Customer Service    do not communicate with each other which have a direct    negative impact on the company’s performance. Further investi gations show that the three departmentsRead MoreThe Organizational Structure And Behavior At Pluto Telecommunications2212 Words   |  9 Pagesexamines the organizational structure and behaviour at Pluto Telecommunications. Through an analysis of the relationship among the job design, motivation, structural form and the work culture the paper aims to suggest a plan of action to rectify the challenges. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION The case does not delve into specific factors and rather talks about the various departmental cultures and motivators. The company’s growth strategy is disconnected from the organizational strategy and communications

Chapter 3 Pathology Questions Free Essays

Chapter 3 Review Questions: 1. What is meant by the following terms: Homologous chromosomes- A matched pair of chromosomes, one derived from each parent. Both members of the pair are similar in size, shape, and appearance, except for sex chromosomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 3 Pathology Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Autosomes- The general term for chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. Sex chromosome- The X and Y chromosomes that determine genetic sex. Barr body- The inactivated X chromosome that appears as a small, dense mass of chromatin attached to the nuclear membrane of somatic cells. This structure can be identified in the cells of a normal female and is called a sex chromatin body or Barr body after the man who first described it. Gene- Are segments of DNA chains that determine some property of the cell and are the basic units of inheritance. Sometimes, they are described as being arranged along the chromosome like beads on a string. Gametogenesis- A specialized type of cell division that occurs during the development of the eggs (ova) and sperm. The development of mature eggs and sperm from precursor cells. Centrosome- A small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules. 2. How does the process of mitosis compare with meiosis? In mitosis, each of the two new cells (called the daughter cells) resulting from the cell division receives the same number of chromosomes that were present in the precursor cell (called the parent cell). In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced so that the daughter cells receive only half of the chromosomes possessed by the parent cell. This process is not completed until fertilized by the sperm. . What are the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? First, four spermatozoa are produced from each precursor cell in spermatogenesis, but only one ovum is formed from each precursor cell in oogenesis. The other three â€Å"daughter cells† derived from the meiotic divisions are discarded as polar bodies. Second, spermatogenesis occurs continually and is carried through to complat ion in about 2 months. Consequently, seminal fluid always contains relatively â€Å"fresh† sperm. In contrast, the oocytes are not produced continually. All of the oocytes present in the ovary were formed before birth and have remained in a prolonged prophase of the first meiotic division from fetal life until they are ovulated. 4. What is a chromosome karyotype? How is it obtained? How is it used? A chromosome karyotype is an arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres. A chromosome karyotype is obtained by culturing cells in a suitable medium. Usually, human blood is used as a source of cells for these studies; the blood lymphocytes can be induced to undergo mitotic division. Certain chemicals are added to stop the mitotic division after the chromosomes have become separate and distinct, and consequently , many cells arrested in mitosis accumulate in the culture medium. Additional methods are employed to cause swelling of the cells, which are then prepared, and the chromosomes can be examined. The chromosomes are then arranged according to their size, the location of the centromere, the relative lengths of the chromatids that extend outward from the centromere, and the pattern of light and dark bands along the chromosomes. Then the separated chromosome from one cell are photographed and arranged into a karyotype. The presence of abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can be detected this way. 5. What is the MHC? What is its function? What is its relationship to disease susceptibility? The MHC is the major histocompatibility complex. The antigens present on cells are determined by a cluster of genes on chromosome 6. This group of genes, which was first determined in laboratory animals in connection with transplantation experiments, is called the MHC. Originally, MHC proteins were considered of interest only with respect to organ transplantation because transplantation of cells containing MHC proteins different from those of the transplant recipient was followed by rejection of the transplant unless the immune system was suppressed. They take part in generating immune responses to foreign antigens of all types. The interaction of the HLA antigens with the various cells of the immune system is considered in the discussion on immunity, hypersensitivity, allergy, and autoimmune diseases. 6. What is a haplotype? How are haplotypes inherited by children from their parents? What are the chances that two children will have the same haplotype? A haplotype is a set of HLA genes on one chromosome and is transmitted as a unit. Each child receives one of two possible haplotypes from each parent. Because of the way in which chromosomes are transmitted from parent to child, the child has any of four different combinations of HLA haplotypes. There is one in four probability that two children will both possess the same pair of HLA haplotypes. How to cite Chapter 3 Pathology Questions, Essay examples

Analysis of Linear DNA Genomes Separation in Gel Electrophoresis

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Linear DNA Genomes Separation in Gel Electrophoresis. Answer: Introduction Agarose gel electrophoresis has been widely used as a form of separating DNA genomes in varying sizes from 100 kp upto 25 kb. Isolation of Agarose gel is obtained from the genera Gelidium and Gracilaria.in the gelato process, the polymers of agarose often form an association of none covalent which form networks of pore sizes which determine the molecular ability of sieving properties. Use of gel electrophoresis is beneficial in separation of DNA genomes. Electrophoresis process is key in separating the different nucleic acids using various sizes and charges depending on the contents of the solution. In this experiment, lab analysis of gel was used to put gel solutions in charged nucleic acids for separation purposes. At this point the larger DNA and RNA have a hard time in separating thus allowing time for separation of the genomes based on the sizes. The rate of separation of the DNA molecule in the experiment was determined by the rate at which the sizes of the DNA, the concentration of the gel, DNA Conformation present, voltage degree applied, ehidium bromide solution introduced, type of agarose and the buffer being utilized in electrophoresis. After the process of separation, DNA molecules will be able to be visualized in the UV light using staining process to identify the different genomes. Thus in essence DAN electrophoresis defines the process by which the DNA migrates in the supporting medium. Most of electrophoresis is carried in agarose gels in narrow polymers of gels using pores of different sizes, this sieving provides a means by which the pores gives an opportunity for the DNA molecules to go through the pores at different sizes thus being separated using molecular weights. Thus this laboratory report uses agarose Gels while staining with ethidium bromide to assess the separation process of the different DNA genomes. Thus it seeks to investigate the DNA genome separation to assess the different nucleic acids by their respective sizes. Materials and methods Refer to the Lab Manual 5 for in-depth methodology and procedure. Results Diagrammatic presentation of gel DNA Table 1; Showing gel electrophoresis picture Standard curve for DNA ladder Table 2; Showing curve presentation of the base pairs against distance travelled Table of standard curve values Bp size 100 200 300 400 Log10(bp) 2 2.3 2.3 2.4 Distance cm 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.38 Table 3; Showing table figure for the curve Calculation process Table 4; Showing how to calculate base pairs Example suppose we have a base pair having travelled 0.3 cm, then draw a line as illustrated above and take the readings on the corresponding logbp and take the anti log, which you get the base pair size. This gives us anti log of 3.0, which is 1000kbp Insert values table Bp size 100 200 300 400 Log10(bp) 2 2.3 2.3 2.4 Distance 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.38 Size of pUC19 100,200,300, 400, 500,600 700,800,900, 1000,1500 2000,2500, 3000,4000, 5000,6000 8000,10000 Size of insert 0.1kbp 0.2kbp 0.3kbp 0.4kbp Table 5; Showing the sizes of pUC19 and their insert sizes Discussion Agarose gel electrophoresis has been utilised as a common method for separation of proteins, (Kryndushkin et al., 2003). The basic forms of nucleic acids can be separated through the aid of electrification process whereby charged molecules move to the anode side. This migration as depicted in the experiment ensures that molecules which have lower molecular weight are able to move faster, (Sambrook Russel 2001). The process of electrophoresis is a crucial step in ensuring purification process of the desired DNA bands. In this experiment the usage of ethidium bromide is essential in visualizing the staining of the transcend DNA molecules. In this task, the Agarose gel electrophoresis plays a key role in ensuring the characteristics of DNA are obtained without any alterations. This experiment has yielded results which have enabled determination of DNA fragments sizes through digestion by restriction enzymes. The visualization has been effected with the use of ethidium bromide which is a common agent in nucleic acid purification process. The Agarose gel concentration on this task entailed the separation of the gel using agarose gel concentration of 0.2%w/v having bands from 0.1-1 kb. The distance travelled by DNA molecules in electrophoresis is directly proportional to the size of the DNA itself. The agarose gel is beneficial in ensuring that there are movements based on their sizes. With the various differences between the various rates of the DNA molecules in the gel solution, they are separated based on the size of the bases. The relationship built between the varied sizes of the DNA genome. The sieving of DNA is done through the size which it bears, (Southern, 1975). The length of DNA strands often vary from 50 base pairs to upto million s base pairs which agarose gel electrophoresis can be effective in separating them , the migration and distance travelled is linked on the concentration of the agarose used to prepare the gel. Concentrations having lower concentration are able to travel faster in the distance travelled and vice versa. In this study agarose gel of 2% has been used which was effective in separating the DNA at range of 0.1-1 kb, the low percentile gels often signify gels which are weak. Double stranded DNA moves faster as the molecules travels; its speed is inversely proportional to the logarithm of base pairs. This linked and established relationships depends on the strength of the of gel composition. The distance travelled by the digested genome signifies that there is action of restriction enzymes which shows that there restrictions which have taken place, thus distinguishing the variability linked to genetics and enzyme cost. The digested fragments were this separated using the agarose gel electrophoresis which showed continuous smear on the gel surface with the distribution of the difference fragment sizes being established. Digested pUC19 is a plasmid and able to transform itself on the transformation process where it can be able to multiply itself and express. Undigested pUC19 originate from E coli and contain high number of base pairs. The transformation efficiently portrayed shows that smaller pUC19 plasmid sin E choli can be manipulated and be transformed from the ampicilin forms. This shows that the DNA is in contact form with plasmid DNA being intact and with presence of viral chromosomes which can be transformed into high efficiencies. This transformation is through the resulting effect of digestion of peri plasmids. The undigested Puc19 shows presence base pairs which have the ability to perform recombination and be incorporated into cells, (Goto, Kenta Yukio, 2013). The lanes which have recombination factor is able to facilitate the cloning of DNA in host cells. This signifies recombination of various fragments of gel solution. The lanes that have been generated originated from digestion of particular DNA, which gives it equimolar amounts. Based on the lanes, there is variation on the number of non molar amounts, thus signifying that there is difference in band lengths. Others have shown to represent circular forms of the plasmids which is dependent on the age and quality of the plasmids. The existence of three forms of DNA formation which exists include linear formation, open circular formation and supercoiled forms. Plasmid DNA have been prevalently been studied in laboratory studies. After its preparation they exists in the three forms above. With good plasmid preparation, DNA often form plasmid which exist in any one strands of the DNA, this break causes the release of the phosphordiester backbones of the DNA to be released out. The visualising process of the agarose gel using the standard control tool is key to assess whether the bands have created a generation or not. Closer bands are well compressed than far away bands as indicated in the gel view. The standard marker used in this experiment was essential in ensuring that the standards sizes are generated using base pairs. This result signifies that electrophoresis is an effective way of separating nucleic acids. High gel agarose gives room for handling of low percentage gel separation. Due to the size of the base pair present in this experiment, has utilised field gel electrophoresis. This is comparable to studies done (Lee et al, 2012), which have shown that sizes of DNA can be separated effectively through plotting on the log of molecular weight and different bands of DNA against the distance moved, this portray how different forms of gel can be able to move at different speeds. Super coiled plasmid DNA have sown to move faster, while those in linear formation travel averagely while open circular travel slowly. References Goto, K., Nagano, Y. (2013). Ultra-low background DNA cloning system. PloS one, 8(2), e56530. Kryndushkin DS, Alexandrov IM, Ter-Avanesyan MD Kushnirov VV (2003). Yeast [PSI+] prion aggregates are formed by small Sup35 polymers fragmented by Hsp10. Journal of Biological Chemistry.278 (49): 49636. Lee, P. Y., Costumbrado, J., Hsu, C. Y., Kim, Y. H. (2012). Agarose gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE, (62). Sambrook JRussel DW(2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor, NY. Southern, E. M. (1975). Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J mol biol, 98(3), 503-517.

Celta Assignment 3 Essay Example

Celta Assignment 3 Essay Assignment 3: Skills Related Task Course: Celta By: Syed Ahmed Submission date:15/08/2011 Rationale for lesson The reason why radio advertisement has been chosen is due to the following: †¢ I would expect students listen to the radio everyday. They are exposed to radio advertisement whether it is in English or in their native language. It is a useful area to explore as students will pick up a few words used in advertisements and hence generate interest in learning the language. †¢ This area will be interesting as some students may not like a particular advertisement and some may do. This will encourage a healthy discussion amongst the students. A lead in/ warmer can be introduced regarding this subject followed by activities after the listening exercise that would encourage students to practice their productive skill (listening). †¢ This exercise was chosen because students require a lot of concentration while listening to the task hence it demands listening. It also gives an opportunity for students to check their answers in pairs. (Scrivener 2005, p. 176). This lesson is appropriate to the upper-intermediate students as they should have the knowledge of lexis relating to advertisements. This means I can concentrate on a few words for lexis and therefore allow more time for the students to focus on their skills based part (listening) and their follow on tasks. TASKS Task 1: The pre-listening task (p. 64) This task is a good introduction to the topic of radio advertisements as it is easy. This will be a good lead in to the topic. Students will be asked to s tate their favourite advertisement and if they listen to the radio. We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Assignment 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Assignment 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Assignment 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A top down method has been used in this exercise where we are making use of what we already know to assist us to foresee the content and structure of the text. This gives an overall impression of the message (Scrivener 2005 p. 178). (Scrivener, 2005) states that we cannot use a bottom-up method i. e. building up the messages from individual small pieces. Even though this may sound appealing, however to do this it is virtually impossible. Task 2: The first listening task (p. 65) Before handing out the task I would set the question first. The question first technique is described as ‘‘task before audio’’ (Scrivener 2005 p. 172). The students will have to match the following options to the advert being listened to. For example which advert? †¢ Is selling soap powder †¢ Is trying to recruit personnel. The students will have the chance to listen to the audio. The students will have a basic understanding on how to do the task. If students have not found the answers to a specific section of the task, it would be necessary to play the recording again (Scrivener 2005 p. 172). This task is useful to introduce the text to the students. If students get the answers correct in the first attempt, this will help build confidence in them and students can move on to the next task. Task 3: The detailed task (comprehension check p. 65) Students will have a comprehension exercise in order to catch the specific details such as names, color and so on. I would assume that this exercise will be challenging to the students as they have to listen to the details carefully. However I feel that this exercise will help them pick up phrases such as ‘‘wherefore art though’’ and students will be familiar with it. As stated in Scrivener, 2005 it would be appropriate to play the recording more than once or sufficient number of times for the specific section the students are struggling on. As stated in Scrivener, 2005 it would be appropriate to play the part which the students disagree to. During the feedback session, the students will be allowed to check the answers in pairs. The recording would be played again until the students have reached an overall agreement to the answer and not just led by one student (Scrivener 2005, p. 176). Task 4: The follow on task (speaking skills) Group work: Newspapers and magazines will be given out to each group. The groups will be asked to choose an advert that appeals to them and discuss why they like it. This task should take ten minutes. Task 5: Follow on task (Writing) Group work Students will be asked to devise a radio advertisement. They can choose their own product or service or choose from the following option: †¢ A BMW sports car †¢ A restaurant in town †¢ A bank for students Students discuss this in pairs and will have to make a visual presentation on visual cards and write a slogan for the advert. Task 6: Follow on task (Speaking) Group work (Pairs) Students will participate in an activity where students will make a radio advert on a product they will choose. Each group will make an advert and the class will decide which the best advert is. Task 7: Follow on task (Writing) Students should write an advert on the following options: †¢ A car for sale †¢ A job at Curries †¢ A new computer Students will have 15 minutes to write this advert. I will then check each students answer for mistakes. Bibliography: Scrivener, J (2005). Learning Teaching. Macmillan.

Free Essays on The Song Of Solomon

The Song of Solomon - What's in a Name? Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel Song of Solomon is full of very interesting, deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a very symbolic character throughout the novel. His character is not only symbolic, for so is his name. Also, Milkman’s paternal aunt, Pilate, has an extremely significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away her father’s wife. Seeing that Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to death, the name Pilate seems to coincide with her father, Macon Dead’s, opinion. Ironically, though, Pilate is a good person and is murdered in the end, just as Jesus was by Pontius Pilate. Another important character in the novel who portrays a great deal of symbolism is Guitar, Milkman’s best friend. Guitar is named after something that he is ultimately unable to attain. â€Å"I saw it when my mother took me downtown with her. I was just a baby†¦I cried for it, they said. And always asked about it.† This unreachable goal accurately describes his character throughout the novel. He is never able to overcome the obstacles that stand in his way or to reach the goals he has set for himself. Toni Morrison intelligently uses the characters Milkman, Pilate, and Guitar to successfully portray a great deal of symbolism throughout her novel. â€Å"A milkman. That’s what you got here, Miss Rufie.† Milkman is given his name for a very logical reason: his mother nurses him until he is an adolescent. Freddie discovers this and gives Macon III his new nickname that will stick with him for the rest of his life. The name Milkman is symbolic in that it represents the other man in his mother, Ruth’s, life; it represents her need for another man because she simply cannot get what she feels she wants and needs from her husband. Consequently, she turns to her son to provide her with the comfort and love she is lacking. ... Free Essays on The Song Of Solomon Free Essays on The Song Of Solomon The Song of Solomon - What's in a Name? Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel Song of Solomon is full of very interesting, deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a very symbolic character throughout the novel. His character is not only symbolic, for so is his name. Also, Milkman’s paternal aunt, Pilate, has an extremely significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away her father’s wife. Seeing that Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to death, the name Pilate seems to coincide with her father, Macon Dead’s, opinion. Ironically, though, Pilate is a good person and is murdered in the end, just as Jesus was by Pontius Pilate. Another important character in the novel who portrays a great deal of symbolism is Guitar, Milkman’s best friend. Guitar is named after something that he is ultimately unable to attain. â€Å"I saw it when my mother took me downtown with her. I was just a baby†¦I cried for it, they said. And always asked about it.† This unreachable goal accurately describes his character throughout the novel. He is never able to overcome the obstacles that stand in his way or to reach the goals he has set for himself. Toni Morrison intelligently uses the characters Milkman, Pilate, and Guitar to successfully portray a great deal of symbolism throughout her novel. â€Å"A milkman. That’s what you got here, Miss Rufie.† Milkman is given his name for a very logical reason: his mother nurses him until he is an adolescent. Freddie discovers this and gives Macon III his new nickname that will stick with him for the rest of his life. The name Milkman is symbolic in that it represents the other man in his mother, Ruth’s, life; it represents her need for another man because she simply cannot get what she feels she wants and needs from her husband. Consequently, she turns to her son to provide her with the comfort and love she is lacking. ...

Orwell's 1984 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Orwell's 1984 paper - Essay Example a similar profoundly satiric allusion to the Communist Manifesto, which was published in 1848 and was a highly influential book of its time in terms of political ideology. It promoted the ideology of Communism and was written by the famous communist theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As its name depicts the book was all about the political ideology of overthrowing the† bourgeois† and bringing the working classes (â€Å"the proletariat) to power. George Orwell (whose real name was Eric Blair) makes satiric allusions to the communist manifesto and the regime it sought to promote. He was not anti-communist but towards the end of his career he felt disillusioned by the mechanics and â€Å"manifesto† of the Communists. He believed that such an ideology would always deteriorate into a dictatorial regime. The novel alludes largely to the situation of the regimes who took to the communist ideals (especially the case of Russia and the USSR) and how the Communist Manifesto fast moved away from its real aim of the emancipation of the working classes from the bourgeoisie. The theme of the story in 1984 depicts the world in the year â€Å"1984† in the setting and assumption the Communist movement has successfully dominated the world. The main Character of Emmanuel Goldstein is an allusion to Marx and Lenin who were the most prominent leaders and supporters of the Communist ideology.One of the strongest allusions to the Communist manifesto (and to some extent Lenin’s book on communism called† Testament"),is when Orwell states in his book that the fictitious Communist leader Goldstein writes a book called "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism".He goes further to describe his Communist â€Å" hero† as having a â€Å"a lean Jewish face,(with) †¦.. fuzzy aureole of white hair" which if carefully examined reminds us of the appearance of Marx who wrote the Communist Manifesto. His bitterness can be seen further when he writes that Goldstein is deceiving the

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Several categories of fields include tourism industry, lodging, cruise line, theme parks and transportation. I have participated for internship program in the hospitality industry. I am highly obliged to internship project manager. I would like to provide special thanks and express my gratitude towards the project manager for motivating me to go for excellence. Every intern is new to the industry and is hungry for success. There is always a person who motivates to accomplish in life. This is the person who encouraged me in the entire internship program. The effect of affectionate encouragement and motivation on my life was humongous. The pivotal aim of the program is to participate at the hotel meetings and gain experience to different areas of the hotel. The volume of professional is articulated by the organization behavior of the hospitality industry. Regular meeting and discussion with project manager helped me to build on complementary flaws and strengths. Weekly check- in meetin gs exceedingly benefited me to have an ongoing discussion to nullify the flaws and enrich the strengths. Time devoted by project manager provided me an opportunity to prosper on the hospitality industry. The appreciation shown by the manager boosted my commitment towards nurturing organizational skills. Teamwork, standard of procedure and service are the pivotal element in the hospitality industry. The effective management of the employees in the hospitality industry can be managed by focusing on building confidence, team building and handling stress. Internship project manager provided a practical example of understand behavior of guests and enhancing the decision making process. The manager provided me opportunity to experience the hospitality industry by live examples, case study and weekly discussion. This process of learning motivated me to enhance the relationship with the project